The Crayfish Variation
By attention to one of our distinguished guests, I want to present today “the crayfish variation” from an Intelligent Design perspective, which help us to see purpose, order, a stringent quality control between compatible organisms as well as a boundary, which is the natural limits to biological change, leading us to determine and to produce new varieties of organisms, instead of the fearful, messy, boundless and careless Darwinian, Neo-Darwinian and Evolutionary 'Origin of Species' and its side dish, the flawed concept of 'speciation'.
I think that concepts such as Darwin’s 'Origin of Species' and the Neo-Darwinian and Evolutionary concepts of 'speciation' are artifacts of a pathological Darwinian frame of mind that can be healed by the practical use of Intelligent Design.
Previously, I wrote the next posting at ISCID. Now I want to illustrate it further with some links blended into its text:
Hybrids Consummate Species Invasion. Wade Roush. Science 277(5324):316-317 (Jul., 1997).
Quote:
"Biologists at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana are finding that the local crayfish are having their own effect on the invader [crayfish], as the two species produce a new population of vigorous hybrids. The finding is a surprise, researchers say, because ecologists often expect animal hybrids to be sterile, unable to play more than a bit part in species invasions. But at the Annual Evolution and Natural History meetings here, William Perry, a graduate student in the labs of ecologist David Lodge and biologist Jeff Feder, described molecular studies showing that hybrids of Kentucky native Orconectes rusticus, or the rusty crayfish, and a native crayfish, O. propinquus (the blue crayfish), are indeed fertile."
Which means that those crayfishes, even when mistakenly named as members of two different species (thence, supposedly 'speciated'), in reality they are only genetically compatible members, varieties, of the same group.
From the same Article:
Quote:
"…these hybrids are outcompeting both natives and invaders. The rusty crayfish, it appears, is taking over by assimilation… hybrids were assumed to be less important than other species-replacement mechanisms… backcrosses between hybrids and rusty crayfish were nearly as common as first-generation hybrids, indicating that hybrids are fertile and that they tend to mate with rusty crayfish rather than with each other. Together, the first generation hybrids and backcrosses accounted for 30 % of the crayfish in one lake. The apparent prowess of the hybrids may be speeding the invasion. When Perry put rusty and blue crayfish in tanks with similarly sized hybrids, the hybrids beat both species in competition for food - such as insects and aquatic plants - and for shelters under rock piles. They are actually more competitive than the invader…"
This is a profitable example of subspeciation or microevolution from the University of Notre Dame in Indiana. A work with practical results…
To seek for natural limits to biological change is out of the realms of the current Evolutionism and Neo-Darwinism, as they are busy trying to demonstrate a non-granted 'speciation'. Current Biologists influenced by Evolutionism are defining, as events of ‘speciation’, events that are indeed of ‘variation’ within compatible organisms.
The current biology dominated by Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism and Evolutionism generally presents 'to-date' a negative report of interbreeding between different varieties of compatible organisms that are being considered ‘as if’ being members of different ‘species’, fearing and deploring the ‘loss of the parental lines’.
However, I think that Intelligent Design can heal that negative Darwinian frame of mind in the current biology by leading the deliberate and controlled generation of new varieties of genetically compatible organisms.
As the link on the first organism demonstrates, those 'nasty invaders' (as a 'conservationist' link declares) are tasty and edible!
So, instead of a constant negative report for compatible hybrids, we can deliberately control them by applying the Mendelian Bioengineering.
Other 1997 Science’s articles by Wade Roush:
'Living Fossil' Fish Is Dethroned. Wade Roush. Science (Sep. 5, 1997).
· A Developmental Biology Summit in the High Country. Wade Roush. Science (Aug. 1, 1997).
William L. Perry, Jeffrey L. Feder, Greg Dwyer, and David M. Lodge. Hybrid Zone Dynamics and Species Replacement Between Orconectes Crayfishes in a Northern Wisconsin Lake. Evolution, 55(6):1153–1166. 2000.
Carolyn A. Klocker, & David L. Strayer. Interactions Among an Invasive Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), a Native Crayfish (Orconectes limosus), and Native Bivalves (Sphaeriidae and Unionidae) Northeastern Naturalist, 2004.
Related definitions:
Hybrid Vigour.
Heterosis.
Other related postings:
Intelligent Design to Generate Biodiversity
MENDELIAN BIOENGINEERING and the Limits to Biochange
Calling Darwin’s Bluff
Adaptive comparisons of cave animals, part 3 (pictures of the troglobitic (cave) crayfish):
In Search of an Intelligent Understanding of Variation in Nature
The Gull Variation
The Three Objectives of Mendelian Bioengineering
Again, I want to close my post with a statement by Jonathan Wells that clarifies why the scientific pursuit of natural limits to biological change are within the framework of “Intelligent Design” and not within the flawed framework of Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism or ‘Evolution’:
I think that concepts such as Darwin’s 'Origin of Species' and the Neo-Darwinian and Evolutionary concepts of 'speciation' are artifacts of a pathological Darwinian frame of mind that can be healed by the practical use of Intelligent Design.
Previously, I wrote the next posting at ISCID. Now I want to illustrate it further with some links blended into its text:
Hybrids Consummate Species Invasion. Wade Roush. Science 277(5324):316-317 (Jul., 1997).
Quote:
"Biologists at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana are finding that the local crayfish are having their own effect on the invader [crayfish], as the two species produce a new population of vigorous hybrids. The finding is a surprise, researchers say, because ecologists often expect animal hybrids to be sterile, unable to play more than a bit part in species invasions. But at the Annual Evolution and Natural History meetings here, William Perry, a graduate student in the labs of ecologist David Lodge and biologist Jeff Feder, described molecular studies showing that hybrids of Kentucky native Orconectes rusticus, or the rusty crayfish, and a native crayfish, O. propinquus (the blue crayfish), are indeed fertile."
Which means that those crayfishes, even when mistakenly named as members of two different species (thence, supposedly 'speciated'), in reality they are only genetically compatible members, varieties, of the same group.
From the same Article:
Quote:
"…these hybrids are outcompeting both natives and invaders. The rusty crayfish, it appears, is taking over by assimilation… hybrids were assumed to be less important than other species-replacement mechanisms… backcrosses between hybrids and rusty crayfish were nearly as common as first-generation hybrids, indicating that hybrids are fertile and that they tend to mate with rusty crayfish rather than with each other. Together, the first generation hybrids and backcrosses accounted for 30 % of the crayfish in one lake. The apparent prowess of the hybrids may be speeding the invasion. When Perry put rusty and blue crayfish in tanks with similarly sized hybrids, the hybrids beat both species in competition for food - such as insects and aquatic plants - and for shelters under rock piles. They are actually more competitive than the invader…"
This is a profitable example of subspeciation or microevolution from the University of Notre Dame in Indiana. A work with practical results…
To seek for natural limits to biological change is out of the realms of the current Evolutionism and Neo-Darwinism, as they are busy trying to demonstrate a non-granted 'speciation'. Current Biologists influenced by Evolutionism are defining, as events of ‘speciation’, events that are indeed of ‘variation’ within compatible organisms.
The current biology dominated by Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism and Evolutionism generally presents 'to-date' a negative report of interbreeding between different varieties of compatible organisms that are being considered ‘as if’ being members of different ‘species’, fearing and deploring the ‘loss of the parental lines’.
However, I think that Intelligent Design can heal that negative Darwinian frame of mind in the current biology by leading the deliberate and controlled generation of new varieties of genetically compatible organisms.
As the link on the first organism demonstrates, those 'nasty invaders' (as a 'conservationist' link declares) are tasty and edible!
So, instead of a constant negative report for compatible hybrids, we can deliberately control them by applying the Mendelian Bioengineering.
Other 1997 Science’s articles by Wade Roush:
'Living Fossil' Fish Is Dethroned. Wade Roush. Science (Sep. 5, 1997).
The coelecanth is not supported as the nearest living relative of quadrupeds in recent DNA studies.
· A Developmental Biology Summit in the High Country. Wade Roush. Science (Aug. 1, 1997).
New molecular genetic evidence 'indicates that diverse body segments of insects did not evolve as a result of Hox gene duplication as previously thought.'· Evolutionary biology: Sizing Up Dung Beetle Evolution. Wade Roush. Science (Jul. 11, 1997).
An example of developmental constraints in the evolution of body parts.· Developing a New View of Evolution. Elizabeth Pennisi and Wade Roush. Science (Jul. 4, 1997).
A new approach in evolutionary biology involves analysis of genes involved in development of body plans.Related articles:
William L. Perry, Jeffrey L. Feder, Greg Dwyer, and David M. Lodge. Hybrid Zone Dynamics and Species Replacement Between Orconectes Crayfishes in a Northern Wisconsin Lake. Evolution, 55(6):1153–1166. 2000.
Carolyn A. Klocker, & David L. Strayer. Interactions Among an Invasive Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), a Native Crayfish (Orconectes limosus), and Native Bivalves (Sphaeriidae and Unionidae) Northeastern Naturalist, 2004.
Related definitions:
Hybrid Vigour.
Heterosis.
Other related postings:
Intelligent Design to Generate Biodiversity
MENDELIAN BIOENGINEERING and the Limits to Biochange
Calling Darwin’s Bluff
Adaptive comparisons of cave animals, part 3 (pictures of the troglobitic (cave) crayfish):
In Search of an Intelligent Understanding of Variation in Nature
The Gull Variation
The Three Objectives of Mendelian Bioengineering
Again, I want to close my post with a statement by Jonathan Wells that clarifies why the scientific pursuit of natural limits to biological change are within the framework of “Intelligent Design” and not within the flawed framework of Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism or ‘Evolution’:
"...ID could function as a "metatheory," providing a conceptual framework for scientific research. By suggesting testable hypotheses about features of the world that have been systematically neglected by older metatheories (such as Darwin's), and by leading to the discovery of new..."
posted by fdocc | 10:40 AM
2 Comments:
You are an idiot
"I just know that we do research because there are many, many things that we still don't know."
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